A colonoscopy is a common procedure used to screen for rectal polyps, colon cancer, and other abnormalities within the colon. According to the American Cancer Society, both men and women over the age of 50 should have a colonoscopy performed every 10 years for the purpose of preventive screening. In addition, a colonoscopy may be performed following a positive flexible sigmoidoscopy or the detection of concerning symptoms such as rectal bleeding.
Colonoscopy Exam
A colonoscopy is a useful screening tool for the identification of abnormalities within the large intestine. Following the insertion of a flexible, lighted tube called a colonoscope through the anus, a video image of the colon and rectum are relayed to a monitor to be viewed by a qualified physician. In some cases patients are prescribed medications prior to the procedure to help them relax. Some patients may experience bloating during and after the procedure from air that is used to expand the colon. A colonoscopy procedure may also include the removal of biopsies or other abnormal growths within the colon.
Bowel Preparation for Colonoscopy
In order to obtain a clear and accurate image, the colon should be clear of food particles and fecal matter. Patients are often required to begin a restricted diet starting days prior to the procedure. In addition, patients are often asked to begin a clear liquid only diet the day prior to the procedure. Since food particles and fecal matter can obstruct the view of the colonoscope, patients usually have to take bowel preparations that contain laxatives to cleanse the colon.
Foods and Drinks to Avoid Before Colonoscopy
Foods to avoid prior to a procedure include high fiber foods such as vegetables, fruits, grains, and pasta. Since fiber is not absorbed, it stays within the intestine and promotes the formation of fecal matter. Other dietary items to avoid are red meat and foods that contain red or purple coloring since they can interfere with the detection of intestinal bleeding.
The use of laxatives in preparation for a colonoscopy often requires the patient to drink plenty of fluids to both maintain adequate hydration and to flush the colon. However, patients should restrict their intake to clear liquids such as water, ginger ale, and clear beverages since artificial coloring can interfere with the procedure. Because each clinic will have their own unique directions for preparation before a colonoscopy, patients scheduled for a colonoscopy should speak with their clinic to obtain specific instructions for preparation prior to the procedure.
Disclaimer: The information contained in this article is for educational purposes only and should not be used for diagnosis or to guide treatment without the opinion of a health professional. Any reader who is concerned about his or her health should contact a doctor for advice.
References:
1. American Cancer Society: “American Cancer Society Guidelines for the Early Detection of Colon Cancer” (Accessed January 10, 2011)
2. MayoClinic.com: “Colonoscopy” (Accessed January 10, 2011)
3. National Digestive Disease Information Clearinghouse: “Colonoscopy” (Accessed January 10, 2011)
4. Virginia Mason Hospital and Medical Center: “Colonoscopy Preparation Planner” (Accessed January 10, 2011)
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