Many children and adults who suffer from Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) require the use of prescription stimulants to improve mental focus and concentration. Unfortunately, amphetamines can also be misused for non-therapeutic purposes such as weight loss. The inappropriate use of prescription stimulants can result in severe health problems.
Adderall® and Adderall XR®
Approved for the treatment of ADHD in children and adults, Adderall® is the brand name for a prescription drug that contains a mixture of amphetamine and dextroamphetamine salts. Adderall® exerts a stimulatory effect in the central nervous system (CNS) by increasing the availability of norepinephrine and dopamine neurotransmitters. Since all stimulants have the potential for addiction and abuse, Adderall® is classified as a controlled substance by the Federal government. Adderall XR® is a once-a-day formulation that is designed to release amphetamine salts in a time-released manner.
Amphetamines and Metabolism
As a stimulant, amphetamines may increase metabolism by a number of different mechanisms. Metabolism refers to the rate by which the body converts food into energy. Most people have a basal metabolic rate during normal activity and a higher metabolic rate during periods of increased physical or mental activities. Stimulants have been known to increase blood pressure and heart rate. As a result, cardiac muscles increase their utilization of energy. Since stimulants also boost energy and alertness, patients using prescription amphetamines may be more physically or mentally active. As a result of increased activity, energy utilization and metabolic rate also rises.
Amphetamine Abuse
Although Adderall® is only approved for the treatment of ADHD in adults and children, it has been abused for various reasons including weight loss. In addition to increased metabolism and energy utilization, stimulants have also been known to suppress appetite. As caloric demands exceed supply, individuals using prescription stimulants may experience significant weight loss. Unfortunately, the abuse of amphetamines can have negative health consequences.
Amphetamine Abuse Dangers
Since stimulatory effects are not confined to the CNS, amphetamines can affect other organ systems as well. Patients with excess stimulant activity may be at higher risk for arrythmias, strokes, and heart attacks. Stimulants can also cause irritability, aggression, anxiety, mood changes, and mental disorders. Since stimulants increase brain activity, uncontrolled electrical activity can lead to the development of seizures. Prescription stimulants can exacerbate certain health conditions and interact with other medications and patients should always speak with a physician before use.
Disclaimer: The information contained in this article is for educational purposes only and should not be used for diagnosis or to guide treatment without the opinion of a health professional. Any reader who is concerned about his or her health should contact a doctor for advice.
References:
1. HelpGuide.org: “ADD/ADHD Medications” (Accessed December 21, 2010)
2. MayoClinic.com: “Weight Loss” (Accessed December 21, 2010)
3. Shire Pharmaceuticals: “Adderall XR® Product Package Insert” (Accessed December 21, 2010)
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